zf200424

http://www.wwenglish.com/t/d/pinpai/nce/nce4/1981.htm

     When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment(偿还的款项） of which he
may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily, the
banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor--who is which depending on whether the customer's
account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer
owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and
complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded
against him.
The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else. When, for example, a
customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit （记入借方）（难点：借贷的基本概念）his account only in respect of cheques drawn by
himself. He gives the bank specimens （样本，样品）of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right
or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque on which its customer's signature has been forged（伪造，锻造）.It
makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer's
signature.
For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the modern practice, adopted by some banks, of printing
the customer's name on his cheques. If this facilitates forgery it is the bank which will lose, not the customer. .

zf200424

http://www.wwenglish.com/t/d/pinpai/nce/nce4/1980.htm

    The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000
feet. But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with
other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter.
My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to
improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When it has been decided
where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick(起重机，钻井，井口上的铁架塔）. It has to be
tall because it is like a giant block and tackle（滑轮，滑车）, and we have to lower into the
ground and haul out of the. ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated
by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often
a sample is obtained with a coring（钻心） bit. It cuts a clean cylinder (圆筒，圆柱体）of rock, from which
can be seen he(the word here must be "the") strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to
the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from gas or
water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by
means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to
avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher（涌出，迸发）, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to
stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.

灯火阑珊

1. 你根本就没有明白什么是词根法，词根法包括单词的三大要素，也是开启词汇的奥秘的三把钥匙：前缀，词根和后缀。

2. 那些无法用词根法分析的单词，是因为它们是根词了，由词根来单独形成单词就是根词，这你又不懂了吧？

3. 一边使用谐音法，一边又努力学习正确的发音，多累啊？并且这两种因素是矛盾的、相互干扰的。

4. 多管齐下自然是可以，但是我觉得要根据个人情况，水平已经很高了就不必采用什么谐音法啦，什么编故事啦，什么倒序啦，简直是浪费时间，而浪费时间就是浪费生命。

1. 你才不明白什么呢？！构词分析法/ 词素分析法（词根只是其中一个要素），拿小概念去套大概念，语文没学好。
2. 小兄弟，词根单独形成单词就是根词，但并不表示根词就是词根。不是充要条件哦！
3. 有什么矛盾吗？！记忆法的作用很多情况下是提示记忆，并没要求完全的对应。你先去学下记忆心理学吧!
4. 变着法儿说自己水平高，我可以理解你。

zf200424

http://www.wwenglish.com/t/d/pinpai/nce/nce4/1979.htm

Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are speculative(投机的), and beyond six or seven they
are worthless.
The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather—and to a global forecaster, small can mean
thunderstorms and blizzards – any prediction deteriorates(恶化) rapidly. Errors and uncertainties multiply(繁殖,增加), cascading(层叠)
upward through a chain of turbulent(狂暴的, 吵闹的) features, from dust devils(魔鬼) and squalls(尖声叫着)up to continent-size eddies(使起漩涡) that only
satellites can see.
The modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some
starting data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the
earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of
the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly accurate readings of temperature, pressure, humidity(湿气，潮湿，湿度）, and
any other quantity a meteorologist would want. Precisely at noon an infinitely powerful computer takes all the
data and calculates what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03….
The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day
one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will hide fluctuations that the computer will not
know about, tiny deviations（背离）from the average. By 1.201, those fluctuations will already have created small
errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the
globe.

[ 本帖最后由 zf200424 于 2008-9-23 10:03 编辑 ]

zf200424

http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-

     Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific ( 是否应为 scientific reaearch?)in industry.
One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the
other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any
inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out
from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in
universities, or even , often enough , in other departments of the same firm. The
degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engage
in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a
positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes
depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage
at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all
but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries,
where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and
mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the
whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance,
have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because
they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such(such 后是漏了什么东西？）and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind
of research they are likely to be undertaking.


我应做到：
听的时候听表达，听结构，猜生词词意
慢慢让自己听的时间断长一些
不懂的就背，然后以后找机会弄懂
适当地训练一下短时记忆

[ 本帖最后由 zf200424 于 2008-9-23 11:22 编辑 ]

zf200424

http://www.wwenglish.com/t/d/pinpai/nce/nce4/1977.htm

     In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of
the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum（最大的，最高的，最大有限的）
production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as
possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and
without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the
artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The
shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income
per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused
the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized
men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal（平凡的，陈腐的，老一套的） luxury of their dwelling, they do not
realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous（极可恶的，另人震惊的，尺寸大的不顺眼的，大得古怪的）edifices（大厦，大建筑物） and of
dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes, coal dust, and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries
and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.

[ 本帖最后由 zf200424 于 2008-9-23 15:26 编辑 ]

灯火阑珊

Lesson 4 - Lesson 13

derrick 起重机
【（谐音法）“得立刻”起重/吊起】

block and tackle 滑轮组
【（利用已知词义）block 石块；tackle 处理 => 利用滑轮组处理（吊起）石块】

coring 钻心
【（利用助记词）core 果心，核心，要点 => 可快速记住coring 钻心的意思】
【（记住core的意思）：拆解 公司（co）里阿姨（re）是核心。】

cylinder 圆筒，圆柱体
【（利用已知词形）词根cyc(l) 表示圆圈】
【（利用已知词记忆词根cyc(l) => bicycle 自行车（bi-前缀：表示“二”）】

gusher 涌出，迸发
【（利用汉语拼音拆词）涌出一股（gu）水（sh）儿（er）】

specimen 样品，样本
【（词根+拼音）“speci”词根：表种类；men->门 => 样品（试样）需要分门别类放置】
【（利用已知词记词根speci） => species 种类】

forge 锻造，伪造
【（熟词+双重谐音）因为（for）急（ge）用而锻造火钳（上海话近似音）】
【（推理另一意思），锻造时是用到模子的，从而能锻出和模子一样的咚咚，故能引发出“伪造”的意思】
【（词汇扩充）phoney 假的，伪造的，（利用词根phon（表声音）来记忆）伪造的声音~假声】
【（利用已知词记词根phon）phone 电话】


repayment 偿还的款项
【（构词分析）re-前缀：表示再次，返回】
【（利用熟词记词缀re-）repeat 重复；retreat 撤退】

abject 卑鄙的，可怜的
【（构词分析）ab-前缀：表示脱离；ject 词根：表示投掷 => 被投掷出去-> 赶了出去，扫地出门 -> 可怜的】
【（利用熟词记词缀ab-）abnormal 不正常的】
【（利用熟词记词根ject）projection 投影（pro-前缀：朝前）】

ignoble 不光彩的，不体面的
【（谐音+熟词）一个（ig）不光彩的贵族（noble）】

contain 包含
【（构词分析）con-前缀:表示一起、共同；tain词根：表示保持（to hold, to keep）】

boulder 大圆石
【（部分词形对比联想）bould <-> mould（模具）】

penalize 处罚
【（构词分析）pen词根：表示处罚】
【（记忆词根pen）词根pun， 表示处罚 => punish；同形联想：pen <-> pun】

customized 定制的，用户化的
【（联想熟词）customer 客户，顾客】

spawn 产卵
【（字母形象+熟词）典当（pawn）一条产卵的蛇（s）】
【（谐音法记忆pawn）典当破东西】

anarchy 无政府状态，混乱状况
【（构词分析）前缀an-：表示否定、无；词根arch：表示为首的、主要的】

drove 畜群
【（利用熟词）drove 驾驶 => 驾驶-> 驱策一大群牲畜】

rim 环形物体的边、缘
【（联想词）ring 环】

minstrel 吟游诗人或歌手
【（谐音法）吟游诗人歌颂“明时秋”】

harp 弹奏竖琴；vi. (on)唠叨,喋喋不休的说
【（利用熟词，同形联想+谐音）harp <-> hard：“弹奏竖琴很难……”好婆（harp）喋喋不休地说】

ballad 民谣；歌谣
【（利用熟词）舞会（ball）广告（ad）是民谣】

acrobatic 杂技的，特技的
【（构词分析）词根acro，表示高；词根bat，表示走动、打 => 在高空走 -> 走钢丝 -> 杂技】

conjuring 咒术，魔术
【（利用词缀+谐音）咒术-咒你们一起（con-）变猪（jur）】

thither 在那边的，对岸的，那边的
【（利用近似音）剪刀在那边】

slack 呆滞；萧条的
【（利用熟词）因为缺（lack）水（s）而萧条】

proceeds 收益
【（构词分析）前缀pro-：表向前；词根ceed，表走路 => 向前走 -> 发展 -> 有了收益，才得以进一步发展】

deduce 推断
【（构词分析）前缀de-：表向下；词根duce，表引导】
【（记忆词根duce）introduce 引入（intro-向内）】
【（记忆前缀de-）decrease 减少】

prolonged 延长的
【（构词分析）pro+long+ed】

harry 掠夺
【（同形熟词助记）匆忙（hurry）掠夺】

assail 攻击，质问
【（熟词+拼音+词形）遭受攻击-屁股（ass）挨（ai）棍子（l）打】

skirmish 一场小冲突
【（谐音法）四棵米线引发的小冲突】

epic 大规模的，壮丽的，英雄的
【（拆词）一（e）图片/照片上呈现了壮丽的景色】

espionage 间谍活动
【（熟词+谐音）尤其是（esp）拿鸡搞间谍活动】

dialysis 透析
【（构词分析）前缀dia-：表示贯穿的；词根lys：表示溶解】

dreary 凄凉的；阴沉的；忧郁的
【大（d）后方（rear）的民众生活凄凉，死气沉沉】

cosmic 宇宙的
【cosm，词根，宇宙】

conceited 自负的；自高自大的，骄傲自满的
【ceit -> seat， 一起坐 -> 和XXX平起平坐 -> 自负的】

presumptuous 放肆的;冒昧的，冒失的;专横的
【（构词分析）不打招呼，先（pre-）花掉了（sumpt）钱是冒失的】

fatuous 愚昧的
【（利用熟词）胖子（fat）往往愚昧（只为助记，无意歧视）】

inclination 倾向
【（构词分析）前缀in-，此处表示强调；词根clin，表示倾斜】

orgie 纵酒狂欢，放荡
【（谐音法）都是鸡-放荡】

mimic 模仿，模拟
【我（mi）拿麦克风（mic）模仿歌星唱歌】

vicinity 邻近，附近
【（谐音）我们（vi）在附近看到你（cini）】

elapse 流逝
【（构词分析）前缀e-，向外；词根laps，表to slip，to glide】

hull 外壳
【核（hu）上无（null）壳】

interval 时间间隔
【（利用词根）词根inter表示中间；v看成罗马数字5 => 中间有五次间隔】

shoal （鱼）等群集
【（谐音法）“小”鱼群】

herring 青鱼，鲱
【（拆词）她的（her）戒指（ring）上的图案是条青鱼】

cod 鳕鱼
【（谐音法）鳕鱼“烤得”很好吃】

steer clear of 避开，绕开
【steer 驾驶】

horde 游牧部落
【（谐音法）落“后的”游牧部落】

zf200424

非常感谢!